πŸ”“Proof of Reserves Services

A Brief History of Proof of Reserves

The concept of Proof of Reserves has evolved since the first implementation conceived by Greg Maxwell. In 2013, Maxwell theorized that an exchange could use cryptography to prove custody over customer assets and use Merkle Tree to prove customer liabilities. In 2018, the same concept evolved to proving assets collateralizing a stablecoin and other asset-backed tokens, either monthly or in real-time. In 2020, "off-chain" reserve data was brought onto blockchains via oracle networks (such as Chainlink) to perform an "on-chain" Proof of Reserves.

In all cases, a "liability" issued to another party is intended to be collateralized by assets held in custody. The formfactor of the asset and liability pair depends on the type of instrument issued and collateralized. In all cases, the Issuer's "promise" is that assets held in custody are greater than the amount of liabilities issued.

Issuer
Liability
Asset

Crypto Exchange

Customer Account on Exchange's Database

Crypto-Assets held in Custody by Exchange

Stablecoin

Token on a Blockchain

Fiat Collateral held in Financial Institutions

Asset-backed Token

Token on a Blockchain

Collateral held in Financial or Custodial Institutions

Exchange-Traded Fund

Security Instrument/Note

Crypto-Assets held in Custody by ETF Issuer

Proof of Reserve Services offered by The Network Firm

The Network Firm offers services to cover all iterations of Proof of Reserves since the ideation of the concept in 2013.

Cover

Conventional Proof of Reserve Attestations

Monthly CPA Attestation Reporting for All Digital Asset Issuers

For All Digital Asset Industry Types

What's the difference between these different types of Proof of Reserves?

Service
Reporting Frequency
Defining Characteristic
Industry Client Type

Merkle Tree Proof of Reserves

Monthly, Quarterly, or Semi-Annual

Merkle Tree for Customer Verification

Exchanges, Custodians, Trading Platforms

Real-Time Reserves

Real-Time (every 30 seconds)

CPA Attestations Every 30 Seconds

Stablecoin, Asset-backed Token, and Exchange-Traded Product Issuers

On-Chain Proof of Reserves

Real-Time (every 30 seconds)

Off-Chain Data Published on Chain via Oracle Networks

Stablecoin and Asset-Backed Token Issuers

Conventional Proof of Reserves

Varies

Varies

All

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